Hole-in-the-head (HITH or Head and Lateral Line Erosion [HLLE]) syndrome is just that. It appears as holes and open pitted wounds around a fish’s head and along the lateral line, as if something is slowly eroding away the flesh.


Hole-in-the-head (HITH or Head and Lateral Line Erosion [HLLE]) syndrome is just that. It appears as holes and open pitted wounds around a fish’s head and along the lateral line, as if something is slowly eroding away the flesh.

Ich and Heat; heat doesn’t cure Ich, it just speeds up the metabolism of the teront. This makes it appear to work as a cure but is not.

Filtration of Ich: in research papers, Ich is deadly in 100% of the cases…but research is done without filtration. Filtration is key in fighting Ich!

Ineffective Ich Medications: this article provides insight in which medications are ineffective for treating Ich.

Ich Medications in More Depth: this article dives even deeper into the medications that can be used to cure Ich.

This article provides the list of most effective Ich Medication. Heat and salt have NO effect on the treatment of Ich!

Ich Immunity: Recent research has confirmed that the immune system of fish develops a resistance to the ich organism

Ich in Depth: Ich is short for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a relatively large single cell, ciliated protozoan, closely related to epistylis, tetrahymena, and spironucleus (“hexamita”). It manifests itself as small white dots on the fish, like salt sprinkles.

One caution about diagnosing fish diseases. Even with a microscopic examination fish diseases are not easy to diagnose. Most hobbyists have only what their eyes tell them to go on as to what any fish disease is. This means that diagnosis of any fish disease is simply a “best guess”.

Graphite Disease in Bettas is a disease of blue or black bettas where the fish has fins that disintegrate and/or gets dark metallic gray patches on its body.