Metriaclima chrysomallos
Metriaclima chrysomallos was first described by Jay R. Stauffer, Patrick J. Ciccotto and Adrianus F. Konings in the year 2011. They belong to the family Cichlidae, which is known for its diversity of cichlids, especially in African lakes. This species was first described by Jay R. Stauffer, Patrick J. Ciccotto and Adrianus F. Konings in 2011.
The genus name Metriaclima is derived from Greek, where “metria” means “average” or “moderate” and “clima” refers to “slope” or “angle.” This refers to the characteristics of the fish in this genus, they have sloping heads.
The species name chrysomallos comes from the Greek “chryso,” meaning “gold,” and “mallos,” meaning “hair” or “fur.” This refers to the color patterns and texture of the fish’s scales, which often exhibit a golden hue, especially in male specimens during the breeding season.
Synonym: Maylandia chrysomallos.
By the way, there has long been a debate about the correct genus name, Metriaclima or Maylandia. In the Netherlands and the United States, Metriaclima predominates; in Germany and France, Maylandia predominates. The discussion will continue for some time.
Description of Metriaclima chrysomallos
Metriaclima chrysomallos is an attractive cichlid known for its vibrant colors and unique body shape. This fish has a slender, streamlined body typical of mbuna cichlids, which helps them move among the rocks in their natural habitat. The body of the fish is predominantly light blue in color. At a number of capture sites, the throat and mouth of this fish is colored yellow to a greater or lesser extent. This is also sometimes seen in the belly and anal fin.
Adult males can reach a length of about 10 to 12 cm, while females remain slightly smaller, usually around 7 to 9 cm.
Differences between males and females
There are distinct physical differences between male and female Metriaclima chrysomallos. Males tend to be brighter and more vividly colored, especially during the breeding season, with a distinctive blue color with consequent occasional yellowing on the beak and breast. Females, on the other hand, have a more muted color, usually beige or light brown, with less prominent markings. This difference in color helps males stand out and be attractive to females during reproduction.
Behaviorally, males are often territorial and can be aggressive toward other males, especially during the breeding season. Females tend to be less aggressive and can live solitary or in small groups. Juveniles often exhibit a more neutral coloration similar to that of females and are less pronounced in their behavior, which helps them survive in an environment full of predators.
Behavior and Temperament
Metriaclima chrysomallos has an interesting behavioral pattern. This fish is generally active and curious, but can also be territorial, especially the male specimens. They are not shy and will often defend their territory against intruders. This means they are best kept in an aquarium with plenty of hiding places and room to swim, allowing them to mark their territory without too much conflict.
In their natural habitat, they often live in groups, but in an aquarium setting it is recommended to maintain a ratio of one male to several females (for example, 1 male and 2-4 females) to minimize aggression. They are bottom dwellers and spend a lot of time exploring the rocks and looking for food, such as algae and plankton.
Life expectancy
In the wild, the life expectancy of Metriaclima chrysomallos can vary, but they can typically live 5 to 10 years, depending on conditions and predation. In a well-maintained aquarium, with proper care and feeding, they can live even older, up to 10 to 15 years. This makes them an attractive choice for aquarium keepers looking for a durable and colorful fish species.
Biotope
Metriaclima chrysomallos is a cichlid native to Lake Malawi, which is located in southeastern Africa. This species of fish can be found in countries such as Malawi and Mozambique. Within these countries, they mainly live in the rocky areas of the lake, where they hide among the rocks and in the transition zones of the water.
Distribution
Metriaclima chrysomallos is a species adapted to a freshwater environment, specifically in Lake Malawi. One of the largest and deepest lakes in the world, this lake provides a unique habitat for a variety of cichlids. The fish live in the rocky parts of the lake, where they feed on algae and plankton. The bottom of their habitat consists mainly of a combination of sand and rocks, which helps them hide and shelter from predators.
In their natural habitat, there is usually little underwater vegetation, as the fish feed mainly on the growing life on the rocks. The edges of Lake Malawi are often bare, with some trees and vegetation located further from the water. This provides an open environment that allows the fish to defend their territory and hunt.
Natural Enemies and Food Behavior
Metriaclima chrysomallos has several natural predators, including larger fish and predators that live in the lake. However, these cichlids are also hunters themselves and feed mainly on algae and small invertebrates growing on the rocks. Their diet consists of limnivorous food sources, meaning they feed on the growing life on the rocks, such as diatoms and loose algal strands.
Climate
Lake Malawi is in a tropical climate, which means that temperatures are relatively high throughout the year. There are seasonal variations, with a wet season usually lasting from November to March, during which there is more precipitation. This can lead to a rise in water levels in the lake, but there are no extreme floods or droughts that seriously affect the habitat of Metriaclima chrysomallos. The stability of the lake ecosystem is crucial for the survival of this species of fish and other native species.
Diet
Diet in the Wild: In their natural habitat, Lake Malawi, Metriaclima chrysomallos have a diet consisting mainly of algae and plankton. These cichlids are limnivores, meaning they feed on growing life on the rocks and bottom of the lake. They use their special teeth to scrape algae off the rocks and catch small invertebrates. Their unique feeding behavior involves opening their jaws at an almost right angle, which allows them to efficiently “rake” by collecting algae and diatoms from the substrate.
Diet in the Aquarium: When keeping Metriaclima chrysomallos in an aquarium, it is important to follow their diet as closely as possible. In an aquarium, you can offer them a varied diet consisting of:
- Algae pellets: These are specially designed for cichlids and contain the nutrients they need.
- Frozen food: Foods such as artemia (saltwater shrimp) and daphnia (water fleas) can be a good addition to their diet.
- Vegatables: You can also offer leaf lettuce, spinach or zucchini, which they can scrape and eat.
- Commercial Cichlid Feed: There are several types of commercial feeds available that are specially formulated for cichlids, with a focus on protein and fiber.
It is important to ensure that the food you offer is rich in vegetable ingredients, as this reflects the natural diet of the fish species. Avoid foods that are too high in protein, as this can lead to health problems such as obesity and other digestive problems.
By offering a varied and balanced diet, you can promote the health and well-being of Metriaclima chrysomallos in your aquarium, contributing to their vibrancy and coloration.
The Aquarium for Metriaclima chrysomallos
To keep Metriaclima chrysomallos successfully, an aquarium of at least 300 liters and 120 centimeters in length is recommended. This provides enough space for the fish to swim and establish their territory. If you plan to keep multiple pairs (or multiple species), it is wise to choose a larger aquarium, preferably from 500 liters and 150 centimeters. This helps minimize aggression between males and provides a healthier habitat.
The Aquarium
Aquarium setup is crucial to the well-being of Metriaclima chrysomallos. This species comes from a rocky environment, so it is important to set up the aquarium to mimic their natural habitat. Here are some setup guidelines:
- Rocks and Shelters: Use large rocks to create shelters and territories. Provide different levels and openings between rocks so that fish can hide and claim their own space.
- Substrate: A fine (filter) sand substrate is best for this species. Not only does this help create a natural environment, but it also provides a safe place for the fish to burrow and forage. Avoid coarse gravel, as it can damage the fish’s scales.
- Plants: Although Metriaclima chrysomallos does not need much in the way of plants, a few sturdy, non-sensitive plants can be added for additional shelter and decoration. Choose plants that thrive in rocky environments, such as Anubias or Java fern.
Water parameters
The best water values for Metriaclima chrysomallos in the aquarium are as follows:
- pH: 7.5 to 8.5
- Hardness: 12 to 20 dGH
- Temperature: 22 to 26 degrees Celsius
It is important to regularly check the water quality and make sure the values are within these guidelines to ensure the health of the fish.
Compatibility with Other Residents
Metriaclima chrysomallos can be kept well with other mbuna cichlids, but it is important to choose the right conspecifics to minimize conflicts. For this, choose species whose males are not similar. Suitable co-inhabitants include: Suitable tank mates include:
These species are similar in size and temperament, which helps to create a harmonious community. Avoid keeping Metriaclima chrysomallos with larger or more aggressive species, such as some species of the genus Cynotilapia or Melanochromis, as this can lead to stress and aggression in the aquarium.
With these aquarium guidelines, including size, setup, water values and compatibility, you will be well prepared to successfully keep Metriaclima chrysomallos and enjoy this beautiful cichlid in your own aquarium.
Breeding aquarium and conditioning
Metriaclima chrysomallos can be cultured in either an ordinary aquarium or a special breeding aquarium. However, for best results, it is recommended to use a special breeding aquarium. This aquarium should be at least 200 liters in size so that there is enough space for the fish to establish their territory and feel comfortable.
Lighting en Filter
Lighting in the breeding aquarium should be bright, but not too bright, to simulate a natural environment. A day-night cycle of about 10-12 hours per day is ideal. With adequate lighting, some algae will naturally grow on the rocks for the juvenile brood to feed on. The filter should be a powerful external filter capable of effectively circulating and filtering the water, contributing to a healthy habitat for the fish.
Conditioning the Fish
To prepare the fish for breeding, it is important to feed them well with a varied diet. This can include high-quality algae pellets, frozen foods such as artemia and daphnia, and fresh vegetables such as zucchini or spinach. The goal is to get the fish in optimal condition so that they are healthy and active during the breeding season.
Ratio between the Sexes
If you want to set up a breeding group, a good ratio of one male to two to three females is ideal (for example, 1 male and 2-3 females). This helps diffuse the aggression of the male fish and ensures that the females are not overburdened by the attention of a single male.
The Spawn
Colors during spawning
During mating, Metriaclima chrysomallos show a striking change in color. The male fish acquire more intense and vivid colors, the blue becomes brighter and if they have a yellow throat, the yellow becomes more intense. This makes them more attractive to females. This color change is in important part of their reproductive ritual and helps to attract the attention of females.
Courting Ritual
Courtship in Metriaclima chrysomallos is a fascinating process. Males will defend their territory and mark an area around their hiding place. They often exhibit aggressive and dominant behavior toward other male fish to confirm their status. While courting, males will intensify their colors and make different swimming movements to attract females. This may include swimming circles, spreading their fins and turning their bodies at different angles to show their beauty. With vibrating movements, they try to lure the female to their chosen spawning site.
Eggs and Spawning Behavior
Metriaclima chrysomallos are mouthbrooders, which means the females keep the eggs in their mouths after depositing. Laying usually takes place in the early morning or late afternoon, when the fish are more active.
The pair circle each other in the sand. The female lays the eggs in the sand, and the male fertilizes the eggs immediately afterwards. They circle on after which the female picks up the eggs and takes them into her maw. This process repeats until all the eggs have been laid and are safely in the female’s mouth.
Number and Characteristics of Eggs
The number of eggs a female can lay varies, but it is usually between 20 and 50 eggs per lay. The eggs are translucent or pale yellow in color.
Raising the Young Fish
The eggs of Metriaclima chrysomallos usually hatch after about 3 to 4 days, depending on temperature and water quality. However, the young fish are not released yet. They remain in the female’s maw. They still live on their egg yolk sac. Only about 20 to 21 days after laying, the female releases the young fish.
In a mixed aquarium with other adult fish, the young often end up as food. If you want to raise an entire litter of young fish, you need a breeding aquarium. Remove the female from the main aquarium around day 16 or 17 and place her in the breeding aquarium. This does not have to be very large. Furnish the aquarium with a heater, sponge filter, sand on the bottom and a hiding place where the female can hide.
After releasing the young fish, the female does not eat them immediately. You have more than enough time to place the female back in the main aquarium after release.
First food
The first food for the young fish usually consists of finely ground flake food, finely ground spirulina flakes and the like. It is important to feed the young fish small amounts of food several times a day to ensure that they get enough nutrients for healthy growth.
Water Changes and Survival Rate
It is important to maintain good water quality in the aquarium, especially during the growth of young fish. Regular water changes are necessary; a 10-20% water change per week is recommended to maintain water quality. This helps to reduce pollutants and provides a healthy environment for the young fish.
Conclusion
Metriaclima chrysomallos is a beautiful cichlid that can be a valuable addition to both experienced and novice aquarium keepers, provided the right conditions are created. This species requires a well-designed aquarium with adequate hiding places and suitable water quality. It is recommended to maintain a harem structure, with one male and several females, to minimize aggression and promote a harmonious environment.
Although they can sometimes be territorial, they are generally not difficult to keep as long as their dietary and environmental needs are respected. Their interesting breeding behavior and vivid colors make them a fascinating species to observe. With proper care and attention, aquarium keepers can enjoy these colorful and active fish for years to come.
Video
Author
Since I bought my first second-hand aquarium when I was twelve, I have always had one or more aquariums. I even converted a garage into a breeding room where I had 50 aquariums containing around 10,000 liters of water. At the moment, I have two aquariums: a 1,250-liter Tanganyika aquarium and a 250-liter community aquarium with plants. For the past 10 years, I have been working on this website as a writer and photographer.
Copyright images
Toni Wagner – tonis-africancichlids.de (original website no longer online)
Mark Thomas – Marks Fiskenarie
Bibliografie
- Stauffer, J. R., & Konings, A. F. (2006). Revised diagnosis of Metriaclima (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with description of a new species from Lake Malawi National Park, Africa.
- Ciccotto, P. J., Konings, A., & Stauffer, J. R. (2011). Descriptions of five new species in the genus Metriaclima (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malaŵi, Africa.
- Stauffer, J. R., Black, K., & Konings, A. F. (2013). Descriptions of five new species of Metriaclima (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malaŵi, Africa. PDF.
- Stauffer, J. R. (1997). A revision of the blue-black Pseudotropheus zebra (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malaŵi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species.
