Hyphessobrycon heliacus – Kitty Tetra
The scientific name for this fish species is Hyphessobrycon heliacus. In English, they are also known as Kitty Tetras. The species was first described by Moreira, Landim & Costa in 2002. The fish belong to the family Acestrorhamphidae, also known as the American Tetras.
The genus name, Hyphessobrycon, is of somewhat unclear origin. The second part is derived from the Greek βρύκω (bryko), which means “to bite.” The first part, Hyphesson, is possibly an error for υπελάσσων (hypelasson), which means “slightly smaller.” This name is often translated as “Little Biter.” The species name, heliacus, is derived from the Greek “heliakos,” which means “sunny,” referring to the bright golden color of the fish when alive.
Description
The Kitty Tetra (Hyphessobrycon heliacus) has a somewhat taller and laterally flattened body, widest at the dorsal fin. The head is slightly convex. In the water, they appear golden yellow, with dark spots scattered across the body and fins. A striking, large, dark spot is located at the base of the tail. The fins are orange to reddish. They grow to about 2.8 centimeters long (standard length). The total length is then a maximum of about 3.5 centimeters.
Males and females are different. Males have longer, thread-like fins (especially the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins) and are more brightly colored than females. The anal fin of an adult male does not have a distinct point, whereas females and young fish do. Young Kitty Tetras are less brightly colored than adult fish.
Kitty Tetras are peaceful fish that prefer to swim in groups. They are not aggressive and usually swim in the middle of the aquarium. They are a little shy and like to hide among plants. They live for about 4 years in an aquarium, but how old they get in the wild is unknown.
Biotope
Hyphessobrycon heliacus is found in the wild in Brazil. The fish live in the upper reaches of the Rio Tapajós river basin, specifically in the Rio Teles Pires and its tributaries in the state of Mato Grosso. They are river fish that live in the slow-flowing, marginal parts of streams with muddy bottoms and abundant underwater plants. The banks of these waters are overgrown with vegetation, including aquatic and marsh plants, decaying organic material, and roots. The bottom consists of mud.
The fish live in a tropical climate with a water temperature between 23°C and 28°C.
Diet
In the wild, Hyphessobrycon heliacus is an omnivore that feeds on small insects, crustaceans, and plant material. In an aquarium, they accept a variety of foods, including high-quality tropical fish food in the form of flakes or micropellets, supplemented with live or frozen food such as water fleas, mosquito larvae, and brine shrimp. A varied diet ensures vibrant colors and optimal health. It is important not to overfeed the fish to prevent water pollution; several small portions per day are better than one large meal.
The Aquarium
For a school of at least 10 Hyphessobrycon heliacus, an aquarium of at least 80 liters is required, with a length of 60 centimeters. For a larger school, a considerably larger aquarium is required, with the total length and volume adjusted to the number of fish. The aquarium should be rich in vegetation, with both dense vegetation and open swimming areas. Use a fine sand substrate, as this most closely resembles their natural habitat. Floating plants, such as Salvinia natans, can be added to create subdued light, as in their natural environment. Avoid sharp rocks or decorations that could injure the fish.
The ideal water values are a temperature between 23°C and 28°C, a pH between 5.5 and 7, and a GH between 8 and 15. Regular water changes of 20-30% per month are essential to maintain water quality.
Suitable tank mates are other small, peaceful fish species that tolerate similar water parameters, such as certain species of Corydoras armored catfish, small tetras, and small, peaceful characins. Avoid larger, aggressive fish or crustaceans, as Hyphessobrycon heliacus may become prey.
Breeding Hyphessobrycon heliacus
It is possible to breed Hyphessobrycon heliacus in captivity. However, not much is known about this yet.
Conclusion
Hyphessobrycon heliacus is a small, peaceful, and relatively easy-to-keep fish for advanced beginners. A well-designed aquarium with sufficient plants, a fine sand substrate, and suitable water parameters are essential for their well-being. A school of at least ten specimens is recommended to prevent stress. Although they are not particularly demanding, successful breeding requires a specific setup and attention to detail.
A striking feature is the pronounced sexual dimorphism in males, with their longer fins and more vivid colors. Their shy behavior and preference for dense planting in an aquarium is also an important observation. Overall, keeping this species is a positive experience, provided that their basic needs are met.
Video
Author
John de Lange
Copyright images
F. Ingemann Hansen – Akvariefotografen.com
